What is internal validity in research? Internal validity is the extent to which a study can confidently attribute a cause-effect relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable.
Why is internal validity important in research? Internal validity is important because it ensures that the results of a study are accurate and can be trusted. Without internal validity, it would be difficult to draw conclusions or make decisions based on the findings.
What are some threats to internal validity? Threats to internal validity include selection bias, history, maturation, regression to the mean, testing effects, instrumentation, and social desirability bias.
How can selection bias affect internal validity? Selection bias occurs when a non-random sample is used in a study, which can affect the internal validity of the study. For example, if a study only recruits participants who are willing to participate, it may not be representative of the entire population and the results may not be generalizable.
What is the difference between internal and external validity? Internal validity refers to the extent to which a study can confidently attribute a cause-effect relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable. External validity, on the other hand, refers to the extent to which the findings of a study can be generalized to other populations, settings, or times.
How can researchers improve internal validity? Researchers can improve internal validity by using randomized controlled trials, controlling for extraneous variables, using a control group, using multiple measures, and using reliable and valid instruments.
How can researchers control for history in a study? Researchers can control for history by using a control group, collecting data before and after the intervention, and ensuring that any changes observed can be attributed to the independent variable.
What is regression to the mean and how can it affect internal validity? Regression to the mean occurs when extreme scores on a measure tend to move closer to the mean on a subsequent measurement. This can affect internal validity because it may be interpreted as the effect of an intervention when it is actually a result of regression to the mean.
How can researchers control for social desirability bias? Researchers can control for social desirability bias by ensuring that the questions are not leading or suggestive, providing anonymous surveys, and using indirect methods of measuring attitudes or behavior.
What are the implications of a study with low internal validity? A study with low internal validity may not accurately measure the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, leading to inaccurate conclusions and decisions based on the findings.